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Nature of Science in Chemistry
Solved Exercises
Class 9 Chemistry Chapter 1 Exercise Solution
1. How does chemistry help a doctor to know about the chemical nature of medicine?
Chemistry enables doctors to understand the molecular structure of medicines and how they interact with the human body. For example, biochemistry helps doctors learn how drugs are absorbed, metabolized, and eliminated, which is essential for proper medication use, determining the correct dosage, and identifying potential side effects.
2. In what ways does technological innovation help to understand the development of new materials?
Technological advancements such as nanotechnology, computational chemistry, and spectroscopy allow scientists to analyze materials at the atomic level. These innovations help in the design of new materials like superconductors, biodegradable plastics, and medical implants, which have unique properties for specific applications.
3. Differentiate between geochemistry and astrochemistry.
Geochemistry studies the Earth’s composition, focusing on rocks, minerals, and the interaction of chemical elements in our planet’s environment. Astrochemistry, however, deals with the chemical processes in space, studying the formation of molecules like water and organic compounds in stars, planets, and interstellar clouds.
4. Correlate the use of science, technology, and engineering with an example.
An example of the correlation between science, technology, and engineering is the development of synthetic polymers, such as nylon. Chemistry provides the foundational knowledge necessary to create these polymers, while advancements in technology enable their large-scale production. Engineering then applies these synthetic materials across various industries, including textiles, automotive, and medical devices.
5. Compare and contrast organic and inorganic chemistry.
Organic Chemistry: This branch focuses on carbon-containing compounds, which are vital for life processes and have significant industrial applications, including pharmaceuticals and plastics.
Inorganic Chemistry: This area studies non-carbon compounds such as metals, salts, and minerals, with applications in catalysts, construction, and environmental science
6. What are the uses of nuclear chemistry?
Nuclear chemistry has significant applications, such as in medicine (radiation therapy and diagnostic imaging), energy (nuclear reactors providing electricity), and industry (using radioisotopes to track materials or sterilize equipment). It also plays a role in understanding radioactive decay and nuclear reactions.
7. How does geochemistry help solve problems such as pollution and climate change?
Geochemistry helps solve problems like pollution and climate change by studying the movement of chemicals through soil, water, and air. It tracks pollutants such as heavy metals and industrial chemicals, aiding in pollution control. Additionally, geochemistry is essential for understanding the carbon cycle, which is key to managing greenhouse gases and developing strategies to mitigate climate change.
8. How is organic chemistry applied in medicines, biochemistry, and industrial science?
Organic chemistry is vital in medicine for developing new drugs, in biochemistry for studying molecules like DNA and enzymes essential for life, and in industry for creating materials such as polymers, fuels, and dyes that are foundational to many products