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Acid Base and Salts
Table of Contents
Chemistry Class 10 Chapter 2 Short Answer
1: Describe some important properties of acid and bases.
PROPERTIES OF ACID:
- Acids have sour taste.
- They turn blue litmus red.
- Strong acids have corrosive action on skin.
- Aqueous solutions of acids conduct electricity.
PROPERTIES OF BASES:
- Bases have bitter taste.
- They turn red litmus blue.
- Strong bases have corrosive action on skin.
- Aqueous solutions of bases conduct electricity.
2: State and Explain Arrhenius concept of acid and bases.
ARRHENIUS CONCEPT:
According to this concept, an acid is a substance that ionizes in water to produce H+ and a base is a substance that ionizes in water to produces OH– ions.
For example,
In the above examples HCl is an acid as it ionizes in water to produce H+ ion and NaOH is a base as it ionizes in water to give OH– ion.
What are the limitations of Arrhenius Concept?
LIMITATIONS:
- Arrhenius concept is only applicable in the presence of water.
- It can not explain why compounds such as CO2, SO2 etc., are acids and why substances like NH3, are bases as there is no H in CO2 and OH in NH3.
Write down uses of some important acids and bases
USES OF SOME IMPORTANT ACIDS:
- Hydrochloric acid, HCl, is used for cleaning of metals, bricks and removing scale from boilers.
- Nitric acid, HNO3, is used to manufacture of fertilizers, explosives.
- Sulphuric acid, H2SO4, is used to manufacture of many chemicals, drugs, dyes, paints and explosives.
- Phosphoric acid, H3PO4, is used to manufacture of fertilizers and acidulant for food.
USES OF SOME IMPORTANT BASES:
- Sodium hydroxide, NaOH, is used in soap making and drain cleaners.
- Potassium hydroxide, KOH, is used in making liquid soap and shaving cream.
- Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2 is used in making mortar, plasters and cement.
- Magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2, is used antacid and laxative.
State and Explain Lowrey and bronsted concept of acid and base
According to this theory an acid is a proton donor and a base is a proton acceptor.
Consider the following Example:
As HCl donates a proton to H2O so it is an acid. On the other hand as H2O accepts this proton so is a base.
Define Amphoteric Compounds?
Substances that react with both acids and bases are called amphoteric substances. For example, water
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